Abstract:【Objective】 By systematically examining and deeply analyzing the evolution of U.S. seed industry policy toward stronger monopoly control and tighter regulation, this study explores its structural impacts on China’s seed sector in terms of technology, market, and security, and clarifies strategic directions for China’s seed industry revitalization.【Method】Drawing upon hegemonic stability theory and securitization theory, this paper employs policy text analysis, case studies, and institutional comparison to elucidate the logic and mechanisms of U.S. seed policy evolution, assess the threefold pressures it exerts on China’s seed development, and propose optimization pathways in light of current domestic policy trends. 【Result】The study finds that the United States has established a global seed monopoly through strengthened intellectual property protection and corporate consolidation, while incorporating the seed industry into its national security framework. These moves have led to substantial restrictions on international cooperation and market access, resulting in three structural constraints on China, as are technological blockade, market exclusion, and supply chain vulnerability.【Conclusion】 The evolution of U.S. seed policy reflects a dual shift from industrial hegemony to security prioritization. China should accelerate independent innovation, expand international cooperation and market presence, and establish a resilient national seed security framework to achieve autonomy and sustainable development in its modern seed system.

Keywords: U.S. seed industry policy；industrial hegemony；national security；seed industry revitalization