ZHAO Minghao, QIU Jiachang，Navigating a Competitive Multipolar World: An Initial Exploration ofTrump's Second-term Foreign Policy，Contemporary American Review，No.3，2025，pp.66-84

[ Abstract] “ America First” serves as the core logic of Trump's second-term foreign policy. It seeks to diminish the influence of liberal ideology,examine the international landscape through a multipolar worldview, andpursue the expansion of U. S. interests based on the principle ofstrengthening national power. At the same time, it remains attentive tomanaging great power competition. The characteristics of Trump's second-term foreign policy include a strong personal imprint, a top-down directivestyle of decision-making, and a preference for “ grand bargain ”approaches. Trump has leveraged the so-called “ Donroe Doctrine ” tostrengthen U. S. dominance over the Western Hemisphere, pressuring LatinAmerican nations on immigration and border issues while counterbalancingthe influence of China and other countries in the region. Regarding U. S.alliances and partnerships, Trump has adopted a transactional approach,compelling allies and partners to transfer benefits to the U. S. and conformmore closely to U. S. demands. Regarding China policy, the Trumpadministration has pursued a dual approach of competition and conflictmanagement. While continuing to contain China in areas such as trade,artificial intelligence, and critical minerals, it also sought to maintainstrategic stability in U. S. -China relations. The concepts and measuresadopted during Trump's second term for coping with a “ competitivemultipolar world ” will exert complex influences on the evolution of theinternational order and China-U. S. relations.

[ Keywords ] U. S. Foreign Policy; “ America First ” ; CompetitiveMultipolar World; China-U. S. Relations; Great Power Competition