CAICuihong & ZHANG Luyao，“A Comparative Study of Regional Cooperationin Artificial Intelligence : The Case of ASEAN ，the European Union，and the Gulf Cooperation Council”，Journal of Tongji University (Social Science Edition)，No.4，2025，pp.23-36.

Abstract: With the rapid development and global deployment of artificial intelligence (Al), regionaorganizations have exhibited distinctly different cooperation models when addressing this commonchallenge. This study analyzes how the dual characteristics of Al technology generate diffusionstrategic tensions, complexity-timeliness tensions, and competitivenessinclusiveness tensions inregional cooperation, We find that regional organizations face a structural “trilemma": they cannotsimultaneously alleviate all three tensions and can only choose to prioritize one, which inevitably leadsto the amplification of other tensions through conduction elfects, ultimately resulting in specificombinations ol external responsiveness, internal cohesion dynamics, and systemic effectiveness. lrpractice, ASEAN adopts a flexible collaborative cooperation model, the European Union chooses acentralized regulatory cooperation model, while the Gulf Cooperation Council implements a publicoriented cooperation model, This model differentiation, shaped by the specific tension eachorganization seeks to alleviate, reflects the adaptive strategies of regional organizations in the Al era,marking the entry of global Al governance into a new phase characterized by multiple centers andstandards, In the future, regional organizations should choose appropriate cooperation models basedon their own characteristies, while enhancing mutual learning and experience exchange. Under thepremise of maintaining model diversity, they should gradually establish common governanceprinciples to ultimately form a global Al governance framework that balances regional adaptabilitywith international coordination.

Key words: artificial intelligence governance;regional cooperation;regional integration;geopolitics